What is perception really?
Perception is a process by which we make sense of the world around us. Most importantly, be it half-glass empty or full, perception is definitely a determining factor in how we communicate to others. Seiler and Beall defines perception as "The process of selecting, organising, and interpreting information in order to give personal meaning to the meaning to the communication we recieve."
I feel that one of the major influences to our perception is our cognitive schemata. This is part of the organising process of perception and is our default mental framework that each individual has developed over time.
WhenI describe to you a guy wearing glasses with black plastic frames, and a faded shirt from another era tucked into a pair of worn-out cargos you may instantly think: nerd, un-cool, geek (or at least something pops up in your mind la, haha) This would be an example of a cognitive schemata, or more specifically, personal protyping. We usually form these personal prototypes over time through our culture, environment and past experiences, and would most likely apply these assumptions if we come across simliar people/situations in future. In addition, media also reinforces these common personal prototypes through television shows and advertisements.
A personal construct also works like a personal prototype. If we knew we were talking to a lawyer, we would be more concious of how and what we speak, because one would naturally expect a lawyer to be knowledgable and eloquent. What does it mean to be a hardworking student can very from person to person, and is considered a personal construct.
Another interesting aspect of cognitive schemata is how we have certain "scripts" in our mind. For example, how a break-up should occur and the series of events it should follow. We most probably form such templates from our television dramas and even experiences from our friends and ourselves.
Such cognitive schematas enable us to predict how certain situations may be and how certain people may behave. This prediction in turn affects how we behave these situations and helps us be more confident at the same time. However, such "default settings" may limit our perception as it may cause us to see/hear things that may not have actually happened. It may also affect our communication adversely if we tend to assign personal contructs and prototypes to people we meet.
There are of course many other factors that result in us having such differentiated perceptions among individuals. This perception changes how we view things/situations/environment: thus the derivation of the half full/empty glass analogy.
So whether you view a glass as being empty, full, or wondering where your cheeseburger went...how do you think perception is important to your communication?